THE VIRTUE-ORIENTED TRADITION - VIRTUE-ORIENTED ETHICISTS

Virtue-oriented ethicists respond that no matter how heterogeneous a society is, it should have room for ideals as well as rules. The moral life is more than a matter of following rules. Indeed, if all we ever do is what we are told to do, we will forever remain moral infantssafe, secure, and smug in our obedience to moral laws but with small souls capable of no great thoughts or actions. In contrast, if we require ourselves to live up to some self-imposed ideals, we will be able to become the moral equivalents of giant redwoods as opposed to tiny bonsai trees. Thus, virtue-oriented ethicists urge a woman contemplating abortion to consider the fabric of her entire moral existence, with particular attention to the texture of her relationships. Will her decision to abort enable her and those to whom she is related to flourish as human beings? Will it enhance or detract from her image of herself as a basically good person? Although rules may help this woman decide rightly, virtue-oriented ethicists ask her to consult her deepest ideals as she struggles to be as good as she can be under an extraordinarily difficult set of circumstances.

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ALEXANDER TECHNIQUE IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH: CONSTRUCTIVE CONSCIOUS CONTROL

From his lengthy observations of himself, Alexander ended up with what were several pertinent facts. His habits of use were unconscious and very deeply rooted, and he could not change them using what 'felt' right to him because his sensory awareness was untrustworthy. He also knew that his habitual misuse happened in response to a stimulus to do something.

Armed with these facts, he realized that instead of being ruled by habitual reactions he had to take back control of his actions and reactions on to a conscious plane. The word 'control' to many people implies some land of restraint, but control in this sense is the freedom not to interfere with our natural reflex mechanisms for balance and movement, or in Alexander jargon 'to leave yourself alone'. This is a crucial point and one that is often misunderstood - it is through freedom that we gain control of our actions.

For Alexander, control is more akin to 'guiding' our use. The 'conscious guidance' he devised, which enabled him to replace his old unconscious habits of using himself with a new conscious way, were the thought processes of 'inhibition' and 'direction', to which we will now turn.

'How can the right thing happen if we are still doing the wrong thing? Obviously we have to stop doing the wrong thing first.' F.M. Alexander

'Give yourself time to change die habits of a lifetime.' Claire

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